At Braun Intertec, our consultants practice eight non-negotiables that are the core of our safety program. These eight non-negotiables are to be followed at all times to ensure that our employee owners have safety at the forefront of what they do. These non-negotiables lay the groundwork for日常operations and are designed so that if, at a minimum, they are followed, there is a high likelihood of completing the job at hand safely.
其中一个原则是“使用正确的工具for the job”. It’s short, simple, to the point, and applicable to each of the various Braun Intertec service lines. This applies for physical services like geotechnical testing, drilling, remediation and construction materials testing, it is applicable to our inspection, monitoring and evaluation services and our routine office work.
Each workplace has specific practices that carry a unique set of hazards — with some bearing more catastrophic risk than others. For companies whose facilities face the risk of unexpected releases of toxic, reactive, or flammable liquids and gases in processes involving highly hazardous chemicals, OSHA has issued the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemical standard (29 CFR 1910.119.）。该规定调查所有涉及处理，使用，储存，移动或制造高度危险化学品的过程，并用作整合管理实践，日常程序和工具和技术的综合分析工具。
One of the most important elements of process safety management is a process hazard analysis (PHA). A PHA is a set of systematically designed assessments, by employers, of potential hazards associated with the processing and handling of highly hazardous chemicals in the industrial process. This can include major hazardous chemical spills, smaller chemical releases, fires, and explosions. PHA can have various methods which are used to design distinct solutions to specific high-risk scenarios possible in the workplace.
可以用于执行PHA的几种方法和相关工具包括：
- What-if method
- 清单
- “什么 - 如果是什么”的清单
- 危险和可操作性（HAZOP）方法
- 失效方法和效果分析（FMEA）
- Fault Tree Analysis (FHA)
While the various PHA methods are all essentially variations of “what-if” questions that direct discussion, some prefer to use a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) approach; some prefer the what-if checklist/assessment approach; and others prefer the Failure Method and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method among others. Over the past few years, Braun Intertec has begun using a combination of the HAZOP and what-if checklist approach and it has proven to be an effective and complementary duo for identifying hazards, potential outcomes, safeguards, and ranking risk. We will discuss these two approaches in this blog.
HAZOP
HAZOP方法是一种系统的过程，它使用指南唱来帮助激发对话，并调查与“常态”或操作失败事件的偏差。HAZOP方法可以用于大多数过程。讨论开始于偏差或缺陷，并且PHA团队然后详细说明了偏差发生的结果，控制和风险。
“What-If” Checklist
什么清单方法使用问题来识别后果或危害。Hazop和What-Checklist方法识别保障措施，以防止后果并提供建议。两种方法都允许通过类似于下面的风险矩阵的可能性和严重程度来允许风险排名或危害或后果的影响：
Hazop的缺点和什么 - 如果清单
关于清单方法的一个缺点是它只解决了团队要求的问题，并需要了解该过程来提出适用的问题。此外，HAZOP方法可能无法识别与设施选址相关的危险。
Another issue that can come up when performing the PHA is appropriately adjusting the risk of an activity based on the safeguards in place. For this case, we like to use a risk modifier that lowers the associated risk based on the controls in place. Therefore, an identified hazard with no safeguards may have a much higher risk than one with engineering and administrative safeguards in place. This can also take the ambiguity out of lowering risk based on likelihood and severity, since these will stay the same only the risk modifier is changed. Using the risk matrix above, the table below shows how the risk modifier can be used:
There are many tools available to conduct your PHA and depending on your process, you may determine one tool works better than others. Additionally, you may be able to find generic what-if checklist questions to get you started.
除了HAZOP和WHAR-IF核对表方法之外，还有许多不同的工具可用于完成PHA。了解正在评估的流程，客户，期望，客户的风险公差非常重要，因为您开始并与您的PHA向前迈进。manbet体育滚球Braun Intertec可以帮助您使用您的PHA并帮助您为工作选择合适的工具。
加入我们的网络研讨会，RMP / PSM：11月19日，确定您设施危险事件的可能性Conan Reed, GSP和Nick Foreman, CSP，我们将讨论PSM / RMP计划，审计和培训，实施和最佳方法，用于减少危险和停机时间，同时优化日常运营中的生产力和安全性。