Successful projects all start with planning and design, end with construction, and include quality programs for every step. For successful deep foundation projects, that means quality control and assurance to validate design assumptions and determine if the deep foundation was installed as planned. To do this we perform integrity testing, which is a set of nondestructive tests that assist engineers as they evaluate the in-place condition of a deep foundation.

What are the most used test methods for deep foundation integrity testing?

Braun Intertec performs integrity tests most often on drilled,深层基础由于将桩驶入地面的行为是一种完整性测试本身的形式。我们与深层基础使用的最常见的完整性测试是交叉孔声波测井，热完整性分析和低应变脉冲回波测试。

交叉孔声波测井

交叉孔声波测井（CSL）需要在轴内安装进入管。在灌浆或混凝土达到足够的强度之后，将换能器和接收器放置在管内。当换能器和接收器从管的底部一起升高，测量从换能器到接收器到接收器的换能器所需的时间。重复该过程，直到测试管之间的所有可能的换能器和接收器配对的组合。评估数据以确定声波的到达时间或能量是否存在显着差异，这些波波在深基础内表示异常。

热完整性分析

热完整性分析(小费)是一种测试方法that evaluates the amount of heat generated by concrete or grout curing to measure the integrity and quality of the foundations. This test can detect necking, bulging, cage eccentricities, pile shape and variations in cover by the relative cool or warm regions of the foundation as it cures. The temperature is measured by attaching thermal cables to the vertical elements of the foundation cage with cable ties, or by using a thermal probe and the same access tubes used with CSL.

低应变完整性测试

通过将加速度计连接到深基础顶部并使用特殊帽的轻质（1至8磅）锤子撞击顶部来进行低应变完整性测试。锤子上的盖子延长了冲击脉冲，使其适用于完整性测试。然后，加速度计测量对诱导应力波的桩响应。

然后，工程师随时间评估桩响应的速度。良好的测试将在预期的长度上显示出明显的脚趾反射。如果应力波早期反射，它可以表示缩颈，凸出，空隙或土壤包裹物。

Quality assurance programs: Essential to a deep foundation project

The only “real way” we can know what a contractor builds below the ground is to exhume it, which defeats the purpose of putting it there to begin with. A comprehensive, construction quality program that includes detailed observations, load tests and applicable integrity tests, can provide us with enough information to apply our engineering judgment on the overall ability of the deep foundation system to meet project requirements.

Interested in learning more about the role of integrity testing for deep foundations? Click the link below to sign up to for our webinar featuring deep foundations expert Matt Glisson, PE and John Focht, PE.